In Defense of Scarcity:
The printer industry has taken a cue from the copyright industry, and started embedding features in their cartridges whose only purpose is to
prevent third-party refilling. Some cartridges now contain chips which authenticate the cartridge to the printer and invalidate it, or shut down the printer, if an attempt is made to refill it. And under
proposed US laws, the chips may be "authentication features", whose circumvention carries criminal penalties.